语音的视频录制包含相关的音频和视觉信息，为语音表示从扬声器的唇部运动和产生的声音提供了强大的信号。我们介绍了视听隐藏单元BERT（AV-HUBERT），是视听语音的自我监督的代表学习框架，这些屏幕屏蔽了多流视频输入并预测自动发现和迭代地精制多模式隐藏单元。 AV-HUBERT学习强大的视听语音表示，这些语音表示受益于唇读和自动语音识别。在最大的公众唇读基准LRS3（433小时）中，AV-Hubert达到32.5％WER，只有30个小时的标签数据，优于前一种最先进的方法（33.6％）培训，达到了一千次转录的视频数据（31k小时）。当使用来自LRS3的所有433小时的标记数据并结合自培训时，唇读WER进一步降低至26.9％。使用我们在相同的基准测试中使用您的视听表示，用于音频语音识别的相对效率为40％，而最先进的性能（1.3％Vs 2.3％）。我们的代码和模型可在https://github.com/facebookResearch/av_hubert获得

本文介绍了基于Wav2VEC 2.0的跨语言语音表示学习的大规模模型。我们在128种语言中培训最多2B个公共讲话音频的近半小时的型号的模型，比公共数据的数量级比最大的已知事先工作。我们的评估涵盖了广泛的任务，域，数据制度和语言，都是高低资源。在Covost-2语音翻译基准测试中，我们将先前的最先进的状态平均为7.4 BLEU超过21个翻译方向进入英语。对于语音识别，XLS-R在Babel，MLS，CommonVoice以及Voxpopuli上的最佳已知工作中提高，降低了相对的误差率14-34％。 XLS-R还在Voxlingua107语言识别上设置了新的技术状态。此外，我们表明，具有足够的模型规模，交叉思维预先预测可以在将英语演讲翻译成其他语言时才能优于英语撇印，这是一个有利于单晶的预借预制的设置。我们希望XLS-R可以帮助改善世界上更多语言的语音处理任务。

Self-supervised approaches for speech representation learning are challenged by three unique problems: (1) there are multiple sound units in each input utterance, (2) there is no lexicon of input sound units during the pre-training phase, and (3) sound units have variable lengths with no explicit segmentation. To deal with these three problems, we propose the Hidden-Unit BERT (HuBERT) approach for self-supervised speech representation learning, which utilizes an offline clustering step to provide aligned target labels for a BERT-like prediction loss. A key ingredient of our approach is applying the prediction loss over the masked regions only, which forces the model to learn a combined acoustic and language model over the continuous inputs. HuBERT relies primarily on the consistency of the unsupervised clustering step rather than the intrinsic quality of the assigned cluster labels. Starting with a simple k-means teacher of 100 clusters, and using two iterations of clustering, the HuBERT model either matches or improves upon the state-ofthe-art wav2vec 2.0 performance on the Librispeech (960h) and Libri-light (60,000h) benchmarks with 10min, 1h, 10h, 100h, and 960h fine-tuning subsets. Using a 1B parameter model, HuBERT shows up to 19% and 13% relative WER reduction on the more challenging dev-other and test-other evaluation subsets. 1

Voice assistants are deployed widely and provide useful functionality. However, recent work has shown that commercial systems like Amazon Alexa and Google Home are vulnerable to voice-based confusion attacks that exploit design issues. We propose a systems-oriented defense against this class of attacks and demonstrate its functionality for Amazon Alexa. We ensure that only the skills a user intends execute in response to voice commands. Our key insight is that we can interpret a user's intentions by analyzing their activity on counterpart systems of the web and smartphones. For example, the Lyft ride-sharing Alexa skill has an Android app and a website. Our work shows how information from counterpart apps can help reduce dis-ambiguities in the skill invocation process. We build SkilIFence, a browser extension that existing voice assistant users can install to ensure that only legitimate skills run in response to their commands. Using real user data from MTurk (N = 116) and experimental trials involving synthetic and organic speech, we show that SkillFence provides a balance between usability and security by securing 90.83% of skills that a user will need with a False acceptance rate of 19.83%.

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) (Koh et al. 2020) are interpretable neural networks that first predict labels for human-interpretable concepts relevant to the prediction task, and then predict the final label based on the concept label predictions.We extend CBMs to interactive prediction settings where the model can query a human collaborator for the label to some concepts. We develop an interaction policy that, at prediction time, chooses which concepts to request a label for so as to maximally improve the final prediction. We demonstrate thata simple policy combining concept prediction uncertainty and influence of the concept on the final prediction achieves strong performance and outperforms a static approach proposed in Koh et al. (2020) as well as active feature acquisition methods proposed in the literature. We show that the interactiveCBM can achieve accuracy gains of 5-10% with only 5 interactions over competitive baselines on the Caltech-UCSDBirds, CheXpert and OAI datasets.

Abusive language is a concerning problem in online social media. Past research on detecting abusive language covers different platforms, languages, demographies, etc. However, models trained using these datasets do not perform well in cross-domain evaluation settings. To overcome this, a common strategy is to use a few samples from the target domain to train models to get better performance in that domain (cross-domain few-shot training). However, this might cause the models to overfit the artefacts of those samples. A compelling solution could be to guide the models toward rationales, i.e., spans of text that justify the text's label. This method has been found to improve model performance in the in-domain setting across various NLP tasks. In this paper, we propose RAFT (Rationale Adaptor for Few-shoT classification) for abusive language detection. We first build a multitask learning setup to jointly learn rationales, targets, and labels, and find a significant improvement of 6% macro F1 on the rationale detection task over training solely rationale classifiers. We introduce two rationale-integrated BERT-based architectures (the RAFT models) and evaluate our systems over five different abusive language datasets, finding that in the few-shot classification setting, RAFT-based models outperform baseline models by about 7% in macro F1 scores and perform competitively to models finetuned on other source domains. Furthermore, RAFT-based models outperform LIME/SHAP-based approaches in terms of plausibility and are close in performance in terms of faithfulness.

原则上，将变异自动编码器（VAE）应用于顺序数据提供了一种用于控制序列生成，操纵和结构化表示学习的方法。但是，训练序列VAE具有挑战性：自回归解码器通常可以解释数据而无需使用潜在空间，即后置倒塌。为了减轻这种情况，最新的模型通过将均匀的随机辍学量应用于解码器输入来削弱强大的解码器。从理论上讲，我们表明，这可以消除解码器输入提供的点式互信息，该信息通过利用潜在空间来补偿。然后，我们提出了一种对抗性训练策略，以实现基于信息的随机辍学。与标准文本基准数据集上的均匀辍学相比，我们的目标方法同时提高了序列建模性能和潜在空间中捕获的信息。

可靠的异常检测对于深度学习模型的现实应用至关重要。深层生成模型产生的可能性虽然进行了广泛的研究，但仍被认为是对异常检测的不切实际的。一方面，深层生成模型的可能性很容易被低级输入统计数据偏差。其次，许多用于纠正这些偏见的解决方案在计算上是昂贵的，或者对复杂的天然数据集的推广不佳。在这里，我们使用最先进的深度自回归模型探索离群值检测：PixelCNN ++。我们表明，PixelCNN ++的偏见主要来自基于局部依赖性的预测。我们提出了两个我们称为“震动”和“搅拌”的徒转化家族，它们可以改善低水平的偏见并隔离长期依赖性对PixelCNN ++可能性的贡献。这些转换在计算上是便宜的，并且在评估时很容易应用。我们使用五个灰度和六个自然图像数据集对我们的方法进行了广泛的评估，并表明它们达到或超过了最新的离群检测性能。总而言之，轻巧的补救措施足以在具有深层生成模型的图像上实现强大的离群检测。

经过培训的模拟静态数据集的冷冻模型永远无法提高其性能。可以采用互联网进行互联网以获取最新信息并在部署期间从人类那里获得反馈的模型提供了适应新信息并提高其性能的承诺。在这项工作中，我们研究了如何在此类学习框架中提高以互联网为导向的对话技能。我们收集人类互动的部署数据，并公开可用，并收集各种类型的人类反馈 - 包括二进制质量测量，自由形式的文本反馈和罚款良好的失败原因。然后，我们研究了各种从此类反馈中改进的算法，包括标准监督学习，拒绝抽样，模型引导和基于奖励的学习，以便对哪种类型的反馈和算法效果最好。我们发现最近介绍的导演模型（Arora等人，'22）比其他现有方法显示出显着改善。

我们提出了Blenderbot 3，这是一个175B参数对话模型，能够通过访问Internet和长期内存进行开放域对话，并接受了大量用户定义的任务的培训。我们同时发布了模型权重和代码，还将模型部署在公共网页上，以与有机用户进行交互。该技术报告描述了该模型的构建方式（建筑，模型和培训计划）以及其部署的细节，包括安全机制。人类评估表明，它优于现有的开放域对话代理，包括其前身（Roller等，2021； Komeili等，2022）。最后，我们使用部署收集的数据详细介绍了持续学习的计划，该数据也将公开发布。因此，该研究计划的目标是使社区能够研究通过互动学习的不断改进的负责任的代理商。